Snowflake Certification
True or False: Data Storage is independent from compute?
True
True or False: All virtual warehouses have access to all data?
True
True or False: Al interactions with data are initialized through the services layer?
True
True or False: Multi-Cluster Warehouses support high concurrency?
True
True or False: Warehouses can be dynamically expanded to adjust to workloads?
True
Which layer provides centralized services for the data warehouse?
Cloud Services
Which layer contains virtual warehouses for data access?
Query Processing
Which layer contains the data in compressed, columnar format?
Database Storage
True or False: Snowflake's security and authentication includes Multi-Factor authentication?
True
True or False: Snowflake's security and authentication includes Snowflake Failures alerts?
False
True or False: Snowflake's security and authentication includes data encryption using Snowflake-managed keys?
False
True or False: Snowflake's security and authentication includes object-level access?
True
True or False: Snowflake's architecture includes advance capabilities in the cloud services layer that delivers transaction management for consistent operations on the same data at the same time?
True
True or False: Snowflake's architecture includes advance capabilities in the cloud services layer that delivers metadata service?
True
True or False: Snowflake's architecture includes advance capabilities in the cloud services layer that delivers security and authentication control?
True
True or False: Snowflake's architecture includes advance capabilities in the cloud services layer that delivers query optimization?
True
True or False: Snowflake supports landing data into internal stage on the cloud storage platform?
True
True or False: Snowflake supports landing data into external stage on the cloud storage platform?
True
True or False: Snowflake supports landing data into bring your own device?
False
True or False: Compute resources used by Snowflake for data loading jobs can by provide by user managed virtual warehouse?
True
True or False: Compute resources used by Snowflake for data loading jobs can by provide by Snowflake managed service?
True
True or False: Compute resources used by Snowflake for data loading jobs can by provide by hardware provisioned by user directly from cloud providers?
False
True or False: Stages are unique database objects in Snowflake?
True
True or False: Pipe are unique database objects in Snowflake?
True
True or False: Table are unique database objects in Snowflake?
False
Which approach would result in improved performance through linear scaling of data ingestion workload:
A) Resize virtual warehouse
B) Consider the practice of organizing data by granular path
C) Consider the practice of splitting input file batch within the recommended range of 10MB and 100MB?
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: Snowflake Support Services addresses customer issues covering troubleshooting failed queries?
True
True or False: Snowflake Support Services addresses customer issues covering product usage questions?
True
True or False: Snowflake Support Services addresses customer issues covering individual query syntax improvement?
True
True or False: Snowflake Support Services addresses customer issues covering 3rd party application configuration support?
False
Snowflake users with support contracts that have a Severity-1 issue should contact Snowflake in these ways except:
A) Snowflake Lodge - set appropriate severity (1-4)
B) Send email
C) 844-SNOWFLAKE
B) Send email
True or False: The Snowflake Lodge is a community site that has technical information for Support Customers only?
False
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True or False: The Snowflake Lodge is a community site that is the recommend place to submit support cases?
True
True or False: The Snowflake Lodge is a community site that contains the most up to date security alerts and product release information?
True
True or False: The Snowflake Lodge is a community site that does not allow members to post questions?
False
Snowflake includes administration settings for resource consumption in order to:
A) Help control costs associated with unexpected credit usage of warehouses
B) Manage access to data warehouse for specified users
C) Maintain availability
A) Help control costs associated with unexpected credit usage of warehouses
True or False: Create Role can be granted within a Snowflake account by the administrator?
True
True or False: Drop Role can be granted within a Snowflake account by the administrator?
True
True or False: Create User permission can be granted within a Snowflake account by the administrator?
True
True or False: Drop User permission can be granted within a Snowflake account by the administrator?
True
True or False: Grant Privilege permission can be granted within a Snowflake account by the administrator?
True
Snowflake provides specific administration features and capabilities to support the following activities except:
A) Managing databases and warehouses within a Snowflake account
B) Managing roles and users within a Snowflake account
C) Monitoring Usage and manage resources to control costs in a Snowflake account
D) Manage 3rd party applications providing data to a Snowflake account
D) Manage 3rd party applications providing data to a Snowflake account
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A defined data set is a point in time snapshot and can be updated by customers is?
Snowflake's Cloning
A defined data set can be shared with customers outside the Snowflake account is?
Snowflakes's Data Sharing
Query statement encryption is supported on ___________ accounts?
A) Standard
B) Enterprise
C) Enterprise for Sensitive (ESD)
D) Virtual Private Snowflake (VPS)
C) Enterprise for Sensitive (ESD)
True or False: Caching techniques are supported by Snowflake's performance optimizing query methods?
True
True or False: B-tree type indexes are supported by Snowflake's performance optimizing query methods?
False
True or False: Retrieving results of previous query from cache is supported by Snowflake's performance optimizing query methods?
True
True or False: Snowflake security supports user-based access control?
True
True or False: Federated authentication in Snowflake is complaint with SAML 2.0?
True
True or False: Tri-secret requires that customers manage their own keys?
True
All security information is stored in the ___________ layer in the Snowflake architecture?
A) Storage
B) Compute
C) Service
D) All of the above
C) Service
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True or False: One benefit of client-side encryption is that it provides a secure system for managing data in cloud storage?
True
True or False: One benefit of client-side encryption is that the data is encrypted before loading into storage layer?
False
True or False: One benefit of client-side encryption is the storage service layer only contains encrypted version of the data?
True
True or False: One benefit of client-side encryption is that queries can be encrypted on the client side?
False
True or False: MFA (Multi-factor Authentication) is automatically enabled for your account and available for all users to self-enroll?
True
True or False: MFA (Multi-factor Authentication) is an integrated feature powered by Duo Security service?
True
True or False: MFA (Multi-factor Authentication) can be used for connecting to Snowflake via the Snowflake JDBC driver?
True
True or False: MFA (Multi-factor Authentication) login is desired only for connecting to Snowflake through the web interface?
False
Snowflake includes Role-Based Access Control to enable administrators to:
A) Limit access to data and privileges
B) Manage secure access to the Snowflake account and data
C) Establish role hierarchy and privilege inheritance to align access
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
With an IdP (identity provider) configured for your account, Snowflake supports using SSO to connect and authenticate with ODBC Driver?
True
With an IdP (identity provider) configured for your account, Snowflake supports using SSO to connect and authenticate with Python Connector?
True
With an IdP (identity provider) configured for your account, Snowflake supports using SSO to connect and authenticate with JDBC Driver?
True
With an IdP (identity provider) configured for your account, Snowflake supports using SSO to connect and authenticate with SnowSQL?
...
Choosing separate accounts in Snowflake enables users to have:
A) Different editions of Snowflake and different regions
B) Billing at the account level
C) Simpler database object deployment between environments
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: Different editions of Snowflake instances require separate accounts?
True
True or False: Snowflake instances in different regions require separate accounts?
True
True or False: Data can be shared READ ONLY across accounts, and can be cloned accounts?
False
An enterprise view of data is useful because:
A) A data set can be stored once and shared multiple times
B) Data set provisioning is assigned to the owner of the data set
C) Data sets can be shared securely
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: Data Sharing is only supported between accounts in the same Snowflake region?
True
True or False: A share can't be cloned by a consumer account, but the share data CAN be copied into a table?
True
True or False: Data can be shared Read-Only across Snowflake accounts and can also be cloned?
False
True or False: There are cases where separate accounts are required such as different editions or regions?
True
Since Snowflake has several advantages over OnPrem data warehouse databases, which of the following list are differentiators for Snowflake:
A) Single place for data, both structured and semi-structured
B) Minimal management
C) Instant and live data sharing
D) Pay a set monthly fee for DWaaS and support
E) Instant and unlimited on-demand scalability in both Storage and Compute
F) All of the above
A, B, C, & E
Select all layers that are part of Snowflake architecture:
A) Security
B) Compute
C) Memory
D) Storage
E) Query Optimization
F) Transaction Management
G) Cloud Services
H) Metadata Management
B, D, & G
Select all characteristics of Snowflake's Multi-Cluster environment:
A) Multiple virtual warehouses in a deployment
B) User has to specify which cluster each query will utilize
C) Individual warehouses automatically scale up and down base on query activity
D) Multi-cluster warehouses support all the same properties and actions as single-cluster warehouse
E) All of the above
A, C, and D
Select the two types of modes that a Multi-Cluster Warehouses:
A) Statically
B) Dynamically
C) Maximized
D) Auto-Scale
F) None of the above
C & D
To help control the usage of credits in Auto-scale mode, Snowflake provides a property, _________________, that determines the scaling policy to use when automatically starting or shutting down additional clusters. Select the property:
A) Auto_Scale
B) Scaling_policy
C) Maximum_number_of_server_clusters
D) Minimum_number of server clusters
E) None of the above
B) Scaling_Policy
Standard Scaling Policy
Definition:
Prevents/minimizes queuing by favoring starting additional clusters over conserving credits.
Cluster Starts....
Immediately when either a query is queued or the system detects that there's one more query than the currently-running clusters can execute.
Cluster Shuts down....
After 2 to 3 consecutive successful checks (performed at 1 minute intervals), which determine whether the load on the least-loaded cluster could be redistributed to the other clusters without spinning up the cluster again.
Economy Scaling Policy
Definition:
Conserves credits by favoring keeping running clusters fully-loaded rather than starting additional clusters, which may result in queries being queued and taking longer to complete. (default setting)
Cluster Starts....
Only if the system estimates there's enough query load to keep the cluster busy for at least 6 minutes.
Cluster Shuts down....
After 5 to 6 consecutive successful checks (performed at 1 minute intervals), which determine whether the load on the least-loaded cluster could be redistributed to the other clusters without spinning up the cluster again.
Semi-structured data strings are stored in a column with a Snowflake data type of __________________?
A) Object
B) Character
C) Varchar
D) Variant
E) None of the above
D) Variant
Not A) Object - key pair values like Hadoop
When sizing a Snowflake warehouse, which of the following factors should not be considered:
A) Number of users
B) Number of concurrent queries
C) Number of tables being queried
D) Data size and composition
E) All of the above
A) Number of Users - if users are not querying the database, then they don't take any resources
Snowflake utilizes per _______________ billing.
A) Millisecond
B) Second
C) Minute
D) Hour
E) None of the above
B) Second
True or False: Each server in a cluster has a position. Servers are always removed from the warehouse in reverse order of when they were added (aka LIFO, "Last In, First Out")
True
True or False: The size of the cache is determined by the number of servers in the all of warehouses for an account
False - size of the cache is determined by the number of servers in a warehouse.
Snowflake has three types of caching to optimize performance. Select the three types of caches from the list:
A) Server
B) Warehouse
C) Client
D) Results
E) Security
F) Metadata
G) Database
H) User
B, D, and F
This type of cache lives on the Compute instance?
A) Server
B) Results
C) Metadata
D) Warehouse
D) Warehouse cache
This type of cache lives on the Cloud Services layer?
A) Server
B) Results
C) Metadata
D) Warehouse
C) Metadata
True or False: Warehousing cache stores the results of the queries that have been executed for 24 hours unless the underlying data changes, at which point the entry is invalidated?
False - Results Cache
True or False: Metadata cache is used to optimize queries and improve query compile time?
True
True or False: Warehouse cache may be reset or invalidated if the Virtual Warehouse is suspended and resumed?
True
True or False: Semi-structured data can be queried using SQL while incorporating JSON path notation?
True
True or False: In general, you should try to match the size of the warehouse to the expected size and complexity of the queries to be processed by the warehouse?
True
SQL functionality can be extended via (select all of the appropriate answers):
A) SQL User Functions (UDF)
B) Javascript UDFs
C) Session Variables
D) Only SQL and Javascript UDFs
E) None of
A, B, and C
True or False: A customer needs to have a preexisting account with AWS or MicroSoft Azure in order to have a Snowflake account or to use Snowflake?
False - not a requirement
How many availability zones does Snowflake replicate to for disaster recovery and high availability?
A) Zero
B) One
C) Three
D) As many as the user specifies in the configuration
C) Three - Snowflake automatically does this for each account. It is built-in and fully managed by Snowflake
True or False: Snowflake only replicates Storage layer to the other availability zones within a region?
False - Storage and Cloud Services layers are replicated
True or False: Multi-region accounts are supported by Snowflake?
False - Each Snowflake accounts is located in a single region
Snowflake is currently available on the following Cloud Providers:
A) AWS
B) Google
C) Microsoft's Azure
G) All of the above
A & C - Google is not support, but is coming in the future
True or False: Snowflake automatically partitions the data so that the user does not need to define partition scheme?
True
Which of the following is not a characteristic of "automatic micro-partitions" in Snowflake?
A) New partitions are created on logical properties
B) Avoids skews between partitions
C) Partitioning is automatically completed on the natural ingestion order of the data
D) The natural ingestion order maintains correlations between columns which could be useful for pruning
A) New partitions are created on logical properties
Snowflake uses physical properties. The partitions can overlap in ranges.
True or False: Snowflake optimizes the storage for semi-structured data based on the repeating elements within the semi-structured strings?
True
True or False: Snowflake store structure and semi-structure data in different proprietary file formats?
False - they use the same proprietary file format
Snowflake has two key features in their storage architecture. They are (select two):
A) Time Travel
B) Time Machine
C) Time Warp
D) Snapshot Cloning
E) Zero-Copy Cloning
F) Replication
A & E
Select the best description of Zero-Copy Cloning:
A) Metadata-only operation
B) No replication of data
C) Unmodified data stored once; modified data stored as new blocks
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which is not a characteristic of Time Travel?
A) Protection from accidental data operations
B) Recover data with the cost of running backups
C) Previous versions of data automatically retained
D) Retention period selected by customers (up to 90 days for Enterprise edition)
B) Recover data with the cost of running backups
There is no cost in Snowflake for running backups, purchasing additional hardware, incurring downtime and overhead of additional administration
True or False: When defining columns to contain dates or timestamps, Snowflake recommend choosing a date or timestamp data type rather than a character data type?
False - Snowflake stores DATE and TIMESTAMP data more efficiently than VARCHAR, resulting in better query performance.
True or False: Referential integrity constraints in Snowflake are enforced?
False - Referential integrity constraints in Snowflake are informational are not enforced.
True or False: Since integrity constraints are not enforced, the developers should not the creation of primary and foreign keys.
False - The primary keys and foreign keys enable members of your project team to orient themselves to the schema design and familiarize themselves with how the tables relate with one another. And most business intelligence (BI) and visualization tools import the foreign key definitions with the tables and build the proper join conditions. This approach saves you time and is potentially less prone to error than someone later having to guess how to join the tables and then manually configuring the tool.
True or False: Reclustering a small table typically doesn't improve query performance significantly?
True
When might you might consider specifying a clustering key and reclustering the table?
A) When a small is get out of sequence with the clustering key
B) The order in which the data is loaded does not match the dimension by which it is most commonly queried
C) To reorder a table to match another clustering key in another table that the users perform frequent joins
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
B) The order in which the data is loaded does not match the dimension by which it is most commonly queried
True or False: Zero-Copy cloning allow a customer to provision real, Production data for development and test environments without physically copying the data?
True
True or False: Snowflake storage cost are based only on a daily average of all database compressed data storage?
False - Database data and data stored for Time Travel retention and failsafe.
True or False: A Snowflake Role is the only thing that connects Storage (Database) to Compute (Virtual Warehouse)?
True
True or False: Snowflake provides embedded multi-factor authentication across some of its editions?
False - multi-factor authentication is embedded in all editions
Which security features are provided as part of Enterprise editions (select all that apply)?
A) Snowflake data encrypted using AES 256
B) Support for encrypting data using customer-managed keys
C) Periodic rekeying of encrypted data
D) Support for HIPAA
D) Support for PCI DSS compliance
F) Support for user SSO through federated authentication
A, C, and F
Data Sharing Providers will have to:
A) Incur the cost of the data storage - normal rates apply
B) May share a data set with an unlimited number of accounts
C) May set up and manage "Reader Accounts" for consumers who are not already Snowflake customers
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Data Sharing Consumers will have to:
A) Incur the cost of Compute (virtual warehouse)
B) Must create a database based on the share using the ACCOUNTADMIN role
C) Can query shared objects in the same query that they query their own objects
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
All statements are true about Data (Storage) except:
A) All data in Snowflake is maintained in databases
B) Each database consists of one or more schemas , and, within these schemas, one or more tables and/or views
C) Schemas can be thought of as a physical grouping of database objects
D) Snowflake does not place any hard limits on the number of databases, schemas (within a database), or objects (within a schema) you can create
C) Schemas can be thought of as a physical grouping of database objects
Logical grouping not physical grouping
True or False: Virtual Warehouse can be configured to auto-suspend after a specific period of inactivity, or auto-resume as soon as the administrator cancels the auto-suspend?
False - Auto-Resume restarts the virtual warehouse as soon as a user requests an operation that requires Compute resources.
Upon startup or auto-resume of a Virtual Warehouse, how much time is automatically billing to the account:
A) One minute
B) Two minutes
C) Five minutes
D) Accounts are always billed by the second
E) None of the above
A) One minute
After the one minute - accounts are billed by the second
True or False: Virtual Warehouse in Snowflake is where the data is stored?
False - Virtual Warehouses is the Compute operation
Snowflake supports data in VARIANTs up to a maximum size of:
A) 4 MB uncompressed
B) 8 MB uncompressed
C) 16 MB compressed
D) 32 MB compressed
E) None of the above
C) 16 MB compressed
Non-native values such as dates and timestamps are stored as strings when loaded into a VARIANT column so which statements are true:
A) Operations on these values could be slower
B) These columns would consume more space than when stored in a relational column with the corresponding data type
C) Both A and B are true
D) Neither A or B are true
C) Both A and B are true
The Snowflake UI is divided into for basic areas. Which of the following areas is not part of the UI:
A) Query
B) Databases
C) Warehouse
D) History
A) Query
Worksheet is the name of the query section
True or False: The PUT and GET commands can be executed via the Snowflake UI?
False - These commands can only be executed using SNOWSQL client. They are not supported by ODBC driver.
The commands for loading data into Snowflake are:
A) COPY & PUT
B) COPY & INSERT
C) INSERT & PUT
D) None of the above
B) COPY & INSERT
True or False: COPY statement allows insert on SELECT against a staged file, and a WHERE clause can be used?
False - INSERT command allows the Where clause, not the COPY command
True or False: The COPY command is more performant than the INSERT statement?
Trie
To load data into Snowflake, what needs to be in place (check all that apply)?
A) Virtual Warehouse
B) Predefined target table
C) Staging location with data staged
D) File Format
A, B, C, and D
True or False: Snowpipe is a continuous data ingestion service that detects and loads streaming data?
True
Which of the following is not a feature of Snowpipe:
A) The service can load data from any internal or external stage
B) Snowpipe has a server-less compute model
C) The service provides REST endpoints and uses Snowflake provided compute resources to load the data and retrieve history reports
D) Snowpipe loads data after it is stage and the user executes the LOADDATA command
D) Snowpipe loads data after it is stage and the user executes the LOADDATA command
No LOADDATA command - and the data is automatically loaded within minutes after the files are added to the stage
Name all of the file/data types that Snowflake support for data loading?
Text Delimited (CSV, TAB, etc.)
JSON
XML
Avro,
Parquet
ORC
Which layer does Snowflake store the various statistics for databases, tables, columns, and files?
A) Storage
B) Compute
C) Cloud Services
D) Snowflake does not store statistics
C) Cloud Services - the metadata is stored in this layer
True or False: Can a query run against Result Cache with no Virtual Warehouse running and retrieve results (assuming the query is cached)?
True
______________ is used to analyze the execution details of a query?
A) Statistics
B) Metadata
C) Query Plan
D) Query Profile
D) Query Profile
True or False: A query plan can only be used for completed queries?
False - it can be used for both in-progress and completed queries
Which feature does not come with the Query Profile?
A) Graphical representation of the main components of the processing plan for the query
B) Details and statistics for the overall query
C) Hints for improving the query performance
D) Statistics for each component of the query
C) Hints for improving the query performance
Which proven data modeling techniques does Snowflake support (check all that apply)?
A) 3rd Normal Form
B) Data Vault
C) Star Schema
D) Snowflake Schema
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
True or False: The use case and audience drives the selection of the proven data modeling techniques?
True
True or False: Snowflake enforces all constraints?
False - Snowflake only enforces NOT NULL constraint
True or False: A best practice of load and store Semi-structured data in Snowflake is to parse the semi-structure string into structured columns on source data load?
False - the data should be loaded and stored in a VARIANT data type.
What is the best practice for handling semi-structured data with 3rd party BI tools?
A) Use the BI tool to create a metadata object to view the column
B) ETL the column with other columns that are part of the query into a structured table
C) Create a Snowflake view that parse the semi-structured column into structure columns for the BI tool to retrieve
D) All of the above
C) Create a Snowflake view that parse the semi-structured column into structure columns for the BI tool to retrieve
True or False: The number of COPY operations that run in parallel can exceed the number of data files to be loaded?
False - it cannot exceed - there are no files to copy
Which of the following is not a best practice for loading data?
A) Splitting large files into a greater number of smaller files distributes the load among the servers in an active warehouse, thereby increasing performance.
B) Split files by line to avoid records that span chunks
C) Setting all of the load files to the optimal size of 10 to 100 MB in compressed size
D) The number of data files that are processed in parallel is determined by the number and capacity of servers in a warehouse
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
True or False: users control the file split and size of data being load and the how the data is divided into micro-partitions?
False - Snowflake determines how the data is divided into micro-partitions. Users cannot create or configure these partitions.
True or False: Micro-partitions are immutable?
True - subsequent changes of any type to the data will be written to additional micro-partitions
A Snowflake mechanism that is used to limit the number of micro-partitions scanned by a query is called ________?
A) Governor
B) Regulator
C) Pruning
D) None of the above
C) Pruning
Database designer should consider using Clustering Keys when (check all that apply):
A) The tables is very large (multi TB)
B) Table is large enough to reside on many micro-partitions
C) Columns in the table can provide sufficient filtering to select a subset of these micro-partitions
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What are they general indicators that can help determine whether to define a clustering key for a very large table:
A) Queries on the table are running slower than expected or have noticeably degraded over time
B) The clustering ratio for the table is very low and the clustering depth is very large
...
True or False: Snowflake's metadata repository stores references to all of the micro-partitions files for each table, as well as tracking of all versions of the table data within the data retention window?
True
True or False: Both a user defined Clustering Key and a Natural Clustering Key can be establish for table?
False - Snowflake data is divided into and stored in micro-partitions. Only one clustering key can be used for that process.
True or False: For most tables, it is a best practice to allow Snowflake's automated micro-partitioning process to fully manage the table's micro-partitions?
True
The process of co-locates column data with same values in the same micro-partition, if possible, is called ___________?
A) Re-Clustering
B) Natural Clustering
C) Partitioning
D) None of the above
B) Natural Clustering
The number of Snowflake credits are consumed is determined by (check all that apply)
A) Size of the warehouse
B) Number of Users for that warehouse
C) How long (in secs) the warehouse runs
D) All of the above
A & C
True or False: Setting the Auto-Suspend value to "Never" will produce efficient credit consumption?
False - the warehouse will never go into suspend mode (i.e. it will always be running and consuming credits)
True or False: User can view and modify Resource Monitors?
True - But the ACCOUNTADMIN has to enable the user first (by granting permissions)
Snowflake's Resource Monitors have the following capabilities (check all that apply):
A) impose limits on the number of credits that a warehouse can consume
B) Trigger actions (i.e. like suspending) when the limit is reached
C) Can only be created by an ACCOUNTADMIN
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: The key to sizing a warehouse is the experiment with different types of queries and different warehouse sizes to determine the best combinations that best meet your specific query requirements and workload.
True
Identify the best practices for ACCOUNTADMIN role and permissions (select all that apply):
A) This role should be given to any user that need a high level of authority
B) There should be at least two user granted this role
C) All ACCOUNTADMIN users should have multi-factor authentication enabled
D) Objects should not be created using this role
E) All of the above
B, C, & D
True or False: It is a best practice to have the majority of objects owned by SYSADMIN?
True
True or False: There is a technical difference between an object access role and a business function role in Snowflake.
False - There is no difference. The difference is in how they are used logically to assemble and assign sets of privileges to groups of users.
True or False: Snowflake provides "Future grants" that allow defining an initial set of privileges to grant on new (i.e. future) objects of a certain type (e.g. tables or views) in a schema.
True - As new objects are created, the defined privileges are automatically granted to a specified role.
True or False: A user cannot view the result set from a query that another user executed.
True
True or False: A user with the ACCOUNTADMIN role can view the results for a query run by another user.
False - only the user who executed a query can access the query results.
True or False: When cloning a database, schema or table creates a copy of the source object along with any privileges?
False - Any privileges granted on the source object do not transfer to the cloned object.
The ACCOUNTADMIN role can perform the following tasks (select all that apply):
A) Configuring parameters at the account level
B) View and operate on all objects in the account
C) Can stop any running SQL statements
D) Can view and manage Snowflake billing and credit data
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
In order to query a table in Snowflake, the user must be granted which privileges at a minimum (select all that apply):
A) Grant USAGE on <database>
B) Grant USAGE on <schema>
C) Grant Select on <table>
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: the ACCOUNTADMIN role can modify or drop objects created by a custom role?
False - The custom role must be granted to the ACCOUNTADMIN role directly or, preferably, to another role in a hierarchy with the SYSADMIN role as the parent. The SYSADMIN role is managed by the ACCOUNTADMIN role.
True or False: Snowflake recommends using a role other than ACCOUNTADMIN for automated scripts.
True
What should be done to prevent account administrators from inadvertently using the ACCOUNTADMIN role to create objects:
A) Give ACCOUNTADMIN to only one person in the organization that is not a developer
B) Nothing, because ACCOUNTADMIN cannot create objects
C) Revoke object creation authorities from the ACCOUNTADMIN role
D) Do not make ACCOUNTADMIN the default role for any users in the system
D) Do not make ACCOUNTADMIN the default role for any users in the system
True or False: What is data skew is when partitions in database become disproportionately-sized?
True
True or False: The closer the ratio of scanned micro-partitions and columnar data is to the ratio of actual data selected, the more efficient is the pruning performed on the table?
True
True or False: Some DDL operations are metadata only operations?
True - deleting all rows in a table is a metadata only
What are the steps Snowflake pruning?
A) Eliminate cluster key entries from any query filters
B) Eliminate micro-partitions that are not needed for the query
C) Eliminate columns by sorting within the micro-partition
D) Eliminate by column within the remaining micro-partitions
E) All of the above
B & D - and they are performed in that order
True or False: The clustering depth for a table is an absolute or precise measure of whether the table is well-clustered.
False - Ultimately, query performance is the best indicator of how well-clustered a table is.
True or False: A table that consists of a single micro-partition or no micro-partitions (i.e. an empty table) always has a clustering depth of 0?
True
True or False: As a general rule, Snowflake recommends ordering the keys from lowest cardinality to highest cardinality for a clustering key.
True
True or False: If you want to use a column with very high cardinality as a clustering key, we recommend defining the key as an expression on the column, rather than on the column directly, to reduce the number of distinct values.
True -
instead of c_timestamp, use to_date(c_timestamp)
True or False: To recluster a table, an admin would execute the RECLUSTER command?
False - Reclustering is done automatically. Manual reclustering has been deprecated.
Which services are multi-tenant?
A) Global Services
B) Virtual Warehouse - Compute
C) Storage
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
A & C - Compute is customer based
True or False: Snowflake deploys into a customer VPC or VNET?
False - Snowflake only deploys within it own VPC.
True or False: An account level Resource Monitor can override a Resource Monitor assignment for individual warehouse?
False - It cannot override the Resource Monitor that is assigned to individual warehouse.
Resource Monitor is a 1st class object has elements defined to its class. Select all that apply?
A) Credit terms
B) Credit Quota
C) Triggers
D) Credit Allocation
E) Credit Usage
F) Credit Remaining
G) All of the above
B, C, and E
True or False: A suspend trigger on a resource monitor cancels all in-flight transactions and bring down the warehouse once the quota is reached?
False: Suspend Immediately cancels all transactions and brings down the warehouse (i.e Kill -9). Whereas Suspend, lets all in-flight transactions complete normally.
If the Credit Quota of a Resource Monitor is reached, suspended warehouses can not be resumed until one of the conditions is met (select all that apply)?
A) A new billing cycle starts
B) Credit quota of the monitor is increased
C) The credit threshold for the trigger is increased
D) The monitor is no longer assigned to the warehouse
E) The monitor is dropped
F) All of the above
F) All of the above
True or False: When a Resource Monitor has multiple warehouses assigned to it, the credit quota is allocated evenly across the warehouses?
False - credit usage of one warehouse can impact other warehouses.
True or False: Resource Monitor notification are automatically assigned to ACCOUNTADMIN role?
False - Resource Monitor notifications are disabled by default.
True or False: ACCOUNTADMINs are the only users that receive resource monitor notifications?
True
Which command can be grant to roles outside of the ACCOUNTADMIN role to accessing resource monitors?
A) MODIFY
B) ALTER
C) VIEW
D) MONITOR
E) CREATE
A & D
True or False: Each worksheet in the UI can have its on role and be set independently?
True
Which Snowflake cache does the user/administrator have control over?
A) Results cache
B) Metadata cache
C) Data cache
D) None of the above
B) Metadata cache
How can the user/administrator increase the hit ratio on the local data cache (select all that apply):
A) Seed the cache with queries
B) Increase the cluster size
C) Alter the data cache memory parameter
D) All of the above
A & B
Why is the following SQL statement not efficient in Snowflake?
"SELECT * FROM TABLE"
There will be very little (if any) horizontal pruning because the query is selecting all of the columns.
How many cluster keys can reside on a Snowflake table?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 3
D) 4
E) it depends
B) - only one cluster key can be created on a table (natural key or defined key)
True or False: A materialize view in Snowflake will add more storage cost to the customer bill
True - a material view creates a copy of the data based on the view definition
True or False: Data Sharing is metadata only?
True - No update, no time travel, same region
True or False: The user can execute a table re-clustering to reduce micro-partition overlap and speed up performance?
False - table clustering happens automatically by a Snowflake service.
Which roles does Snowflake suggest to enable MFA (select all that apply?
A) SECURITYADMIN
B) SYSADMIN
C) ACCOUNTADMIN
D) User defined role
E) PUBLIC
F) All of the above
A, B, & C
True or False: Users can have access to many roles and they are active in every session?
False - only one active role per session
True or False: Users own database objects?
False - roles own database objects
Which of the following are security best practices for Snowflake (select all that apply)?
A) All objects owned by SYSADMIN
B) All roles and users are own by SECURITYADMIN
C) Grant all of your roles back to SYSADMIN
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the frequency for Snowflake to apply software patches to the code base?
A) Daily
B) Weekly
C) Monthly
D) Semi-annually
E) As soon as they are ready
B) Weekly
True or False: Customer has COMPUTE choices when it comes to cluster definition?
False - COMPUTE clusters are predefined by Azure and AWS
When scaling up a Snowflake warehouse, what is the scaling factor when moving between T-shirt sizes?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) User specified
A) 2
When dealing with a large complex query, the user must:
A) Rewrite the query
B) Scale up the cluster
C) Scale out the cluster
D) All of the above
B) Scale up the cluster - moving up a T-shirt size gives the query more resources (increase the size of the pipe)
When dealing with query throughput, the user must:
A) Rewrite the query
B) Scale up the cluster
C) Scale out the cluster
D) All of the above
C) Scale out the cluster to allow for more concurrency (increase the number of pipes)
In a multi-cluster environment, what are the names of the scaling policies that can be selected (select all that apply)?
A) Normal
B) Standard
C) Economy
D) Maximize
E) All of the above
B & C
What are the types of tables in Snowflake (select all that apply)?
A) Regular
B) Transient
C) Permanent
D) Clones
E) Temporary
F) Persistent
B, C, and E
How many resource monitors can you have at the account level?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) up to 5
E) unlimited
B) 1
What is the largest size of a micro-partition?
A) 8 MB uncompressed
B) 8 MB compressed
C) 16 MB compressed
D) 32 MB compressed
C) 16 MB compressed
Which of the following are actions that can be take from a Resource Monitor trigger (select all that apply)?
A) Suspend
B) Shutdown
C) Suspend immediately
D) Notify
E) All of the above
A, C, and D
Which of the following conditions can restart a suspended Resource monitor (select all that apply)?
A) The credit threshold for the monitor trigger is increased
B) The monitor is no longer assigned to the warehouse
C) Increase in customer quota
D) A new time interval cycle has starts
E) All of the above
A, B, and D
True or False: A warehouse can be assigned to one or more Resource monitors?
False - warehouses can be assigned to only one resource monitor.
What is the recommend size of files to be loaded via Snowflake's Snowpipe?
A) 1 - 10MB compressed
B) 25 - 50MB compressed
...
True or False: Snowflake tables are logical structures of collections of columns and rows of data physically stored in Snowflake's FDN files (micro-partitions)
True
True or False: Cluster keys should be defined with high cardinality columns
False - low cardinality columns should be used
When selecting a clustering key, which of the following should the developer consider (select all that apply):
A) Time dimensions
B) Join keys
C) Low cardinality columns
D) Predicates on tables
E) All of above
E) All of the above
True or False: Standard warehouses can scale out to meet concurrency needs?
False - Multi-Cluster warehouse can scale out
True or False: A virtual warehouse can only be resized after being stopped or suspended?
False - a virtual warehouse can be resized at any time.
True or False: User can query a STAGE object?
True
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